Annotated Bibliography:
Dracula. Dir. Ted Browning. Perf. Bela Lugosi, Helen Chandler, David Manners, Dwight Frye, Edward Van Sloan, Herbert Bunston, Frances Dade. Universal, 1931. Videocassette. MCA Home Video, 1991.
As the first American film ever billed as a ‘horror movie’, Dracula provides invaluable insight into early American horror films.
Frankenstein. Dir. James Whale. Perf. Colin Clive, Mae Clarke, John Boles, Boris Karloff, Edward Van Sloan, Frederick Kerr, Dwight Frye, Lionel Belmore, Marilyn Harris. Universal, 1931. Videocasette. MCA Home Video, 1984.
Made following the success of Dracula, Frankenstein also provides first-hand information about the newly-formed genre of the horror film.
Grieveson, Lee. Policing Cinema: Movies and Censorship in Early-Twentieth-Century America. Berkely: University of California Press, 2004
This book provides an insight into what could and could not be seen on the silver screen—specifically, what was deemed “inappropriate,” “disturbing,” or “too scary” for the American audience by the Production Code.
King, Emily. A Century of Movie Posters, From Silent to Art House. Octopus Publishing Group: 2003
Movie posters provide first hand information about the advertising of 1930s horror films. This book also provides a helpful listing of American Horror films.
Lennig, Arthur. The Immortal Count: The Life and Films of Bela Lugosi. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 2003
Lenning follows the life of Hungarian actor Bela Lugosi, who, after playing Dracula both on stage and on screen, was typecast and forced to play the vampire for the rest of his career.
Maddrey, Joseph. Nightmares in Red, White, and Blue: The Evolution of the American Horror Film. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, Inc., 2004
In his book, Maddrey explains how horror movies reflect the American consciousness and analyzes the affect certain events, like the World Wars and the Depression, had on this national consciousness.
Mank, William Gregory. It’s Alive!: The Classic Cinema Saga of Frankenstein. San Diego: A.S. Barnes and Company, Inc., 1981
This book focuses on Frankenstein films, notably the original starring Boris Karloff, and also discusses the importance of later Frankenstein films. Mank also discusses the lives of other horror film stars, including Bela Lugosi and Lon Chaney, jr. The book contains interviews with many of the actors.
- - - . Women in Horror Films, 1930s. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, Inc., 1999
Mank’s book introduces the reader to the forgotten heroines of 1930s horror films. It also provides interviews with some of horrors grand dames, Mae Clark (Frankenstein), Helen Chandler (Dracula), Zita Johann (The Mummy), and Marilyn Harris (Frankenstein).
Phantom of the Opera, the. Dir. Rupert Julian. Perf. Lon Chaney, Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry, Arthur Edmund Carewe, Gibson Gowland, John St. Paris, Snitz Edwards, Mary Fabian, Virginia Pearson. Universal, 1925
Though not technically considered a “horror film” The Phantom of the Opera still encouraged the creation of the genre and shows many techniques also used in the early horror films. In addition, the role of Dracula was originally meant for Lon Chaney, so watching an earlier performance of the “Man of a Thousand Faces” is an interesting study.
Phillips, Kendall R. Projected Fears: Horror Films and American Culture. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2005
Phillips’ book discusses how the American consciousness shaped horror films and how horror films helped to shape the American consciousness. The part of the book I focus on discusses Dracula; how it spawned an enormously popular movie genre and why.
Silver, Alain, and James Ursini. The Vampire Film: From Nosferatu to Bram Stoker’s Dracula. New York: Limelight Editions, 1994
This book discusses the many influential Dracula films that have been made since the beginning of cinema. It also explores how Dracula is portrayed in film, and how the idea of a vampire became common knowledge.
Skal, David J. Hollywood Gothic: The Tangled Web of Dracula from Novel to Stage to Screen. New York: W.W. Norton and Company: 1990
As the title suggests, this book deals with the journey the Dracula story made from Bram Stoker’s novel and into the conscious of millions of people via Bela Lugosi.
- - -. The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1993
This book tracks how monster movies first became popular in Hollywood, and how the genre evolved from scary to absolutely disturbing horror films.
Soister, John. Of Gods and Monsters: A Critical Guide to Universal Studio’s Science Fiction Horror, and Mystery Films, 1929-1939. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999
This book charts the rise of the horror film in one of the studios that was most prolific in churning them out—Universal.
Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Mineola, NY: Dover Pulications, Inc., 2000
As the book that was the inspiration for the movie which created a new film genre, I felt Dracula would be an interesting and informative read and give me a better feel for the general feeling of the horror genre.
The Numbers. “Box Office History for Horror Movies.” http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/Horror.php
This website listed all the American horror movies made from 1960 onward and how they grossed at the box office.
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. “German Expressionism.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressinism_(film)
This website provides basic information about the German Expressionism Film movement.
Picture Information:
Front page background: www.doctormacro.com/.../ Lugosi,%20Bela.htm
Bibliography images: www.beckett.com/ celebriducks/dracula/index.asp, www.shadowclad.com/ horror1.htm
Other Websites image: http://www.shillpages.com/movies/dd.shtml
“Lon Chaney, London After Midnight”: www.lonchaney.com/ store_photos_Sr.html
“Lon Chaney, The Phantom of the Opera”: jameshudnall.com/ blog.php?/weblog/C37/
“The Expressionist set of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari”: http://www.wfs.be.schule.de/programm/inhalt/stummfilm.html
“Carl Laemmle, sr.”: http://silentgents.com/Producers
“Carl Laemmle, jr.”: http://www.missinglinkclassichorror.co.uk/actorsl.htm
“Dracula movie poster”: http://www.asdfplus.com/MoviePosters/Cover-Dracula.htm
“Bela Lugosi in 1929”: http://ghrbrd.free.fr/lugosibio.html
“Bela Lugosi as Dracula on Broadway, 1927”: http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/romania/dracula1.html
“Dracula (Lugosi) bites Mina (Helen Chandler)”: www.geocities.com/ turn_ip/foh/vamp.htm
“Tod Browning, director of Dracula”: http://eric.b.olsen.tripod.com/browning.html
“Spanish Dracula movie poster”: http://www.vampyres-online.com/dracula_spanish.html
“Dracula (Bela Lugosi) and Mina (Helen Chandler) in a publicity photo”: www.utexas.edu/.../ archive/2003/vampires.html
“Frankenstein movie poster”: www.filmsite.org/ fran2.html
“Boris Karloff”: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Karloff
“Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster”: www.doctormacro.com/.../ Karloff,%20Boris.htm
“A lost scene: Frankenstein’s Monster throws Little Maria into the lake”: www.oscarworld.net/ a84.htm
“James Whale, director of Frankenstein”: http://www.gettysburg.edu/library/frankenstein/schedule.html
“Bela Lugosi and Caroll Borland in Mark of the Vampire, 1935”: www.missinglinkclassichorror.co.uk/ tod.htm
“Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein movie poster”: www.abbottandcostellocollectibles.com/ stills.htm
“‘I Bid You Welcome’”: barros.rusf.ru/ article095.html